Predictors of fertility awareness among selected married women of childbearing age in Nigeria: a cross-sectional survey

Abstract

Background: Increased fertility awareness can help infertile couples to achieve pregnancy. Objectives: This study aimed to determine both the predictors and levels of fertility awareness among married Nigerian women of childbearing age. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional survey. Data were collected via online and face to face questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential analysis were done with SPSS 25. Results: Most respondents married between ages 24-29 years old (40%) and just over half had good fertility awareness (53%). The associated factors were age at menarche (X2 = 9.962, p = 0.007), geopolitical zone of residence (X2 = 17.301, p = 0.008), level of education (X2 = 64.843, p < 0.001), employment status (X2 = 9.319 p = 0.025) menstrual cycle charting (X2 = 66.392, p < 0.001), use of internet to increase awareness (X2 = 39.849, p < 0.001) and books (X2 = 58.855, p < 0.001). Fertility awareness was lower for those with secondary education than postgraduates (AOR=0.213, 95% CI 0.116-0.390, p < 0.001). Moreover, the odds of having good fertility awareness were less in those who did not chart their menstrual cycle (AOR=0.363, 95% CI 0.245-0.538, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Menstrual cycle charting and level of education were predictors of fertility awareness. Keywords: Nigeria; fertility; educational status; menstrual cycle; internet.