Co administration of oxiracetam and monosialotetrahexosylganglioside for the treatment of patients with craniocerebral injury, and their effect on serum S100 proteins and neuron specific enolase

Abstract

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of oxiracetam plus monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) in the treatment of craniocerebral injury, and its effect on serum S100 proteins and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). Methods: A total of eighty patients with severe craniocerebral injury admitted to Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital between January 2020 and December 2021 were selected for the study, and assigned 1:1 to control group (GM1 only, 2 mL daily through intravenous drip) and study group (GM1, 2 mL daily through intravenous drip, in combination with oxiracetam, and 4 g dissolved in 100ml of saline daily through intravenous drip). The treatment duration was two months. Results: Baseline patient characteristics were comparable between the two groups (p > 0.05). GM1 plus oxiracetam produced better restoration of cranial functions of patients after craniocerebral injury when compared with GM1 alone, as evidenced by the significantly lower S100 proteins and NSE levels of the study group than the corresponding parameters of the control group after 1, 2, 3, and 7 days of treatment (p < 0.05). More significant mitigation of inflammatory reactions was observed in patients co-administered GM1 and oxiracetam than in those who received GM1 only, as shown by the lower serum concentrations of inflammatory factors {(c-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and neuropeptide Y (NPY)} in the study group as compared with the control group (p < 0.05). A few patients experienced minor adverse reactions such as gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea and vomiting, dizziness and headache, and rash during treatment (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Co-administration of oxiracetam and GM1 is a viable strategy for the treatment of patients with craniocerebral injury, as it significantly lowers the levels of serum S100 proteins and NSE, mitigates inflammatory reactions, and ameliorates cerebral hemodynamics in patients. The combined therapy also has a good safety profile.