CAUSES OF MIGRATION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY

Abstract

Migration is a process with multi dimensions, which ambiguously effects on various components and individual parameters of the economic life of the host society. Furthermore, direction and intensity of this influence may be importantly different in each concrete case. Due to the specific of immigration, evaluation of its results is difficult task, which requires comprehensive and balanced analysis. It was traditionally considered that immigration provides host society with lost labor recourses and it significantly contributes in their economic development. Migrants often settle within their home region. However, a significant part of international migration takes place over long distances and, in particular, from emerging market and developing economies toward advanced economies. A major reason why people migrate is income differences between origin and destination countries. Richer countries attract more immigrants, especially from countries with younger populations. There is difficulty to evaluate effect of immigration on economic. This is impact on tax incomes and expenses of government. On one side, immigrants pay taxes, helping cover the cost of government. On the other side, they impose costs on the government, because their cars need roads to drive on, their children need schools to study in, and so on. Because many immigrants earn low wages and hence pay low taxes, some estimates suggest that immigrants cost more in additional spending than they pay in. Despite the above international policy coordination is needed to tackle the challenges from refugee migration. This includes sharing the costs from hosting refugees and fostering their integration with emerging and developing economies, such as language training and easier validation of professional titles, can help build even better outcomes from immigration in recipient countries. Keywords: War, labor migration, former international students as labor migrants, unemployment, specialization of agricultural production, protected schemes, increase of incomes.