Characteristics of the resistance of spring wheat varieties to pathogens of leaf diseases typical for the zone of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Abstract

Goal. To characterize the resistance of spring wheat varieties of different ecological and geographical origin against natural infectious backgrounds of the main pathogens of leaf diseases typical for the zone of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field — creating provocative backgrounds of pathogens and assessing the resistance of varieties to againts phytopathogens; analytical — analysis of the data obtained, comparison with existing data. Results. In 2020—2021 on 19 varieties of spring wheat from the collection of the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine, Institute of Plant Industry. V. Ya. Yuriev NAAS, an assessment of resistance to againts main leaf pathogens: powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.O. Speer f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal), leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici Rob. et Desm. (syn. Puccinia triticina), septoria (Zymoseptoria tritici (Desm.) Quaedvlieg & Crous, 2011 (syn. Septoria tritici Roberge ex Desm.). The collection included varieties of Ukrainian, Russian, Kazakh, Czech and German selection. The assessment of resistance to leaf rust, septoria wheat was carried out against a natural infectious background, and to powdery mildew against an enhanced (provocative) natural infectious background, the period of maximum development of diseases. The cultivars were characterized by the degree of resistance using a 9-point immunological scale. According to the research results, the degree of resistance of varieties to pathogens of leaf diseases was determined: powdery mildew + leaf rust + wheat septoria — Anshlag (UKR), Voronezhskaya 20, Orenburgskaya 22 and Ekada 97 (RUS); powdery mildew + leaf rust — Elegiya Mironivska, MIP Solomiya, Struna Mironivska, Etud, Anshlag, Provіntsіalka, Panyanka, Cheremshina (UKR), Voronezhskaya 20, Orenburgskaya 22, Orenburgskaya 23, Pavlograda (RUS); Rakansam, Ramsa, Stepnaya 50, Stepnaya 62 (KAZ), Anabel (CZE), KWS Akvilon (DEU); powdery mildew + septoria — Anshlag (UKR), Orenburgskaya 22, Ekada 97 (RUS). Conclusions. The study of a collection of 19 varieties of spring wheat of different ecological and geographical origin identified a number of varieties with indicators of monospecific and group resistance, which can be used as sources of resistance. In particular, the varieties Anshlag (UKR) and Orenburgskaya 22, Ekada 97 (RUS) with resistance to the group of pathogens of powdery mildew, leaf rust and wheat septoria typical for the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine are valuable sources of resistance. It is promising to involve in the breeding process and varieties with a moderate manifestation of resistance to wheat septoria infection against the background of high resistance to pathogens of leaf rust and powdery mildew — Elegiya Mironivska, Struna Mironivska, Etude, Provintsialka, Panyanka, Cheremshina (UKR), Voronezhskaya 20, Orenburgskaya 23 (RUS).