Species composition of Fusarium spp. on winter wheat in the Right Bank Polissya of Ukraine

Abstract

Goal. To clarify the species composition of fungi of the genus Fusarium on winter wheat and to establish their share in this complex. Methods. Field and laboratory. Phytopathological analysis of winter wheat grain collected from industrial crops in the area of the Right-Bank Polissya of Ukraine (Zhytomyr region). During the examination of crops for fusariosis of the ear, samples (50 pieces of the affected ear) were taken with typical features. Accounting and selection were performed at the end of the phase of milk-wax ripeness. The collected material was herbariumed and labeled (indicating the variety, place of harvest, phase of plant development). In the laboratory, morphological and cultural features, forms of conidia and the presence of chlamydospores were taken into account during identification. The studies were performed on the environment of Chapek and KGA. In the absence of typical sporulation, the microculture method was used. The test material was photographed using a Nikon FX- 35 DX photoresist on a Nikon microscope. Results. In 2019—2020, 5 species and varieties of fungi of the genus Fusarium, which belong to 4 sections of the genus Fusarium, were identified on the grain of winter wheat. Two species were found from the Diskolor section — F. graminearum and F. culmorum. Section Roseum was represented by one species of F. avenaceum, section Sporotrichiella — species F. poae; section Elegans — species F. fujikuroi (according to the classification of V.Y. Bilay). On the infected grain, the dominant position was occupied by the species F. culmorum (42%). The share of colonized grain by F. avenaceum and F. poae was 24% and 21%, respectively. A small proportion were colonized by F. fujikuroi (8%) and F. graminearum (5%). Conclusion. Laboratory studies have shown that in the Right Bank Polissya of Ukraine the main causative agents of winter wheat fusariosis were species: F. sulmorum, F. avenaceum, F. poae, F. fujikuroi, F. graminearum. Among them, the dominant position was occupied by the species F. culmorum, the average frequency of isolation of which was 42%.