Pumpkin protection against root rots

Abstract

Goal. To determine the technical efficiency of the novel fungicides against root rot of pumpkins in the area of ​​the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The experiments were conducted in 2016—2018 in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Khmelnytsky region) on the following varieties: common pumpkins — Ukrainskyi bahatoplidnyi, hull-less pumpkins — Shtyriiskyi. Assessment of severity, spread of root rot, technical and farm efficiency was carried out according to generally accepted methods. To control the development of the disease, the following preparations were investigated: Maxim 480 FS, FS, Inshur perform, TK, Phytocide, s., Trichoderma blend Bio-Green Microzyme TR, EC. Results. During the study period, root rot was observed on pumpkins of both studied varieties annually. In the laboratory, it was found that the causative agents of root rot on pumpkins were fungi of the genus Fusarium Link. The development of the disease in control ranged from 11.2 to 17.6%. When biological preparations were used on the variety Ukrainskyi bahatoplidnyi, technical efficiency was at the level of 52.6—62.8%, on the variety Shtyriiskyi — 43.4—59.2%. The best effect against fusarium root rot was recorded for seed treatment with Trichoderma blend Bio-Green Microzyme TR. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Inshur Perform and Maxim 480 FS reduced the development of the disease by 3.6—4 times. On both varieties, biological products showed lower technical efficiency compared to chemical preparations. The use of pesticides made it possible to obtain a yield of pumpkin seeds with the use of biological products at the level of 0,431—0,435 t/ha on the variety Ukrainskyi bahatoplidnyi and 0,308—0,315 t/ha — on the variety Shtyriiskyi. When seeds were treated with chemical pesticides, the yield was 0,456—0,465 t/ha and 0,319—0,325 t/ha, respectively. That is, pre-sowing seed treatment allows to save from 4.1 to 12.9% of crop yield. Conclusions. Under conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine pumpkin plants are annually affected by fusarium root rot. The use of pesticides allows to save the seed yield in the range from 0.012 to 0.053 t/ha. The best technical efficiency was observed on the variants with the disinfectant Maxim 480 FS, TH with a consumption rate of 1.0 l/t and the biological product Trichoderma blend Bio-Green Microzyme TR, EC with a consumption rate of 50 ml/t.