A tale of two glutaminases: homologous enzymes with distinct roles in tumorigenesis

Author:

Katt William P1,Lukey Michael J1,Cerione Richard A12

Affiliation:

1. Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA

2. Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA

Abstract

Many cancer cells exhibit an altered metabolic phenotype, in which glutamine consumption is upregulated relative to healthy cells. This metabolic reprogramming often depends upon mitochondrial glutaminase activity, which converts glutamine to glutamate, a key precursor for biosynthetic and bioenergetic processes. Two isozymes of glutaminase exist, a kidney-type (GLS) and a liver-type enzyme (GLS2 or LGA). While a majority of studies have focused on GLS, here we summarize key findings on both glutaminases, describing their structure and function, their roles in cancer and pharmacological approaches to inhibiting their activities.

Publisher

Future Science Ltd

Subject

Drug Discovery,Pharmacology,Molecular Medicine

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