Development of methods for the bioanalysis of RRx-001 and metabolites

Abstract

Background: Bioanalytical methods were required to study the novel anticancer drug, RRx-001 preclinically and for clinical pharmacokinetic analysis; however, RRx-001 quickly and completely disappeared on intravenous administration in preclinical species. Results: Quantification of RRx-001 directly or by derivatization was unsuccessful. On exposure to whole blood, RRx-001 formed the glutathione (GSH) adduct very rapidly, suggesting this metabolite as the bioanalyte. However, rapid enzymatic degradation in the blood matrix of RRx-001-GSH posed significant technical problems. Herein, we describe a novel and broadly applicable solution to stabilize GSH conjugates in blood samples by inhibiting the degrading enzyme. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry methods for analysis of RRx-001-GSH in rat, dog and human plasma were developed and successfully validated to good laboratory practice standards. Conclusion: Extensive breakdown of RRx-001-GSH was effectively stopped by addition of the enzyme inhibitor, acivicin. The developed liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay for RRx-001-GSH was validated for use in preclinical toxicology studies and the Phase I first-in-human clinical trial.