Nano-LC and HPLC-chip–ESI–MS: an emerging technique for glycobioanalysis

Abstract

In less than 5 years, an impressive number of methods based on nano-LC and HPLC-chip coupled online to MS were developed and implemented to comprehensively address structural heterogeneity of glycoconjugates and glycans in biological matrices. C18, graphitized carbon and amide-based stationary phases were adapted to nanoflow level and on chip format, leading to improved sensitivity of structural analysis and superior level of information on highly complex glycan and glycoconjugate mixtures. This review offers a summary of the recent progress in the application of nano-LC and HPLC-chip–MS in glycoanalytics of glycopeptides, glycoprotein glycans, glycosaminoglycans, oligosaccharides and glycosphingolipids.