Controlled-release vaginal ring drug-delivery systems: a key strategy for the development of effective HIV microbicides

Abstract

Background: Over half of all HIV-infected adults are women and heterosexual intercourse is a significant mode of viral transmission. This review examines the potential for using polymeric vaginal ring systems to provide controlled delivery of HIV microbicides in order to prevent heterosexual transmission of the virus. Discussion: Continuous delivery of microbicides has the potential to be more effective than one-off dosing. Thus, controlled-release vaginal delivery devices are now a key area of HIV prevention research. Initial clinical trials on vaginal rings loaded with dapivirine (a candidate microbicide) have indicated that these products are safe and well tolerated by women. These devices are female-initiated, robust and capable of long-term delivery of the active agent. Conclusions: Vaginal rings may offer an effective system for the controlled delivery of microbicides to prevent heterosexual transmission of HIV. Candidate vaginal ring microbicide products are now in clinical trials.