Synthesis, DNA binding, hemolysis assays and anticancer studies of copper(II), nickel(II) and iron(III) complexes of a pyrazoline-based ligand

Abstract

Background: Over the last few decades, metal-based drugs, particularly cisplatin and its analogs have been used for the treatment of various cancers. Currently, scientists are developing other metal complexes as anticancer agents to eliminate the toxicity associated with platinum drugs. Results: Claisen-Schmidt condensation was used to synthesize the pyrazoline-based ligand; (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide), followed by the synthesis of its complexes with copper(II), nickel(II) and iron(III) metal ions. DNA binding and in silico studies indicated quite good binding with DNA; requirements for good anticancer drugs. Conclusion: DNA binding constants for ligand, copper, nickel and iron complexes were 1.42 × 104, 3.16 × 104, 5.82 × 105 and 6.72 × 105 M-1, respectively, indicating strong binding with DNA. All the reported compounds were slightly hemolytic towards rabbit red blood corpuscles and exhibited moderate activities against MCF-7 cancer cell lines.