Assessment of Sleep Quality and Duration and Its Association With Periodontitis in South Indian Population

Abstract

Background and Objective Sleep deprivation is a significant issue among adults. It is on the rise in contemporary society, largely influenced by the shift towards a 24/7 lifestyle and long working hours. Lack of sufficient sleep can influence immune function causing systemic inflammation. Inflammation is a shared characteristic between chronic periodontitis and sleep deprivation. In addition, sleep deprivation can have detrimental effects on cognitive function and motor skills, which may reduce the individual’s ability to maintain proper oral hygiene further influencing periodontal health. This study aimed to examine the quality and duration of sleep and their potential association with periodontitis in the South Indian population.Methods Fifty-six subjects were diagnosed based on the criteria outlined in the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. Probing depth and clinical attachment loss were measured as a part of the clinical examination. The severity, complexity, and progression of periodontitis were classified based on both stage (I–IV) and grade (A–C) systems. The participants were given a questionnaire including demographic information and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.Results There was a significant association between the severity and extent of periodontitis and sleep quality and duration. The mean sleep quality was highest in Stage IV (1.57 ± 0.76) and Grade B (1.62 ± 1.28). Similarly, Stage IV (1.14 ± 0.66) and Grade B (1.38 ± 0.92) showed the highest scores for sleep duration.Conclusions Poor sleep quality and duration were significantly associated with the stage and grade of periodontitis in the South Indian population.