Abstract
Renewable and sustainable energy sources are being demanded more by the energy sector. The Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is an effective technique to produce power because it produces nearly minimal pollutants. PEMFC produces electrical energy and water as a byproduct by combining hydrogen and oxygen on the anode and cathode sides. The state of the art in simulation and performance modeling of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells is presented in this paper. The commercialization of fuel cells and their deployment in the transportation, industry, encounter numerous challenges. Water control, eat management, cost reduction, and increased cell reliability are the main issues hindering commercial viability of fuel cells. This paper provides an overview of some important realistic models as well as a comparison of them. The difficulties that fuel cell-based systems encounter are also explored. Any urban energy system must meet the demand side of the population while also guaranteeing reliable and efficient energy output. PEMFCs are also being explored as a forthcoming sustainable energy source. This chapter also covers the economic evaluation of fuel cell-based power generation systems.