Outcomes of Per-Oral Endoscopic Myotomy in the Treatment of Esophageal Achalasia: Over One Hundred Cases in a Single Tertiary Center

Abstract

Objective: To study the outcomes and complications of per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) in patients with esophageal achalasia. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study reviewed the medical records of  esophageal achalasia patients who underwent POEM between March 2013 and September 2022. One hundred and eight cases were included. Results: A total of 108 consecutive patients were included in this study and classified into 4 groups: 30 (27.8%) as type I; 53 (49.1%) as type II; 5 (4.6%) as type III; and 20 (18.5%) as unspecified due to unsuccessful catheter placement across the esophagogastric junction. The mean patient age was 46.10+16.59, 77 (71.3%) patients were female. Ten (9.3%) of the patients had undergone prior treatment, including balloon dilation, POEM, Heller myotomy, and nitroglycerine. Technical success was achieved in 106 (98.1%) cases, clinical success was evaluated only in 88 patients who follow up more than 6 month and the median follow-up time was 20.50 months (range 6-110 months). The clinical success was accomplished in 82 (93.2%), and 26 (24.1%) patients experienced perioperative complications which were significantly associated with anterior myotomy and probably operator learning curve. One patient (1.1%) had recurrent symptoms at 24-month follow up. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was found in 19 (21.6%) patients, all of whom responded well to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Conclusion: POEM is effective and safe in long-term treatment of achalasia. Although the incidence of symptomatic GERD was slightly high, the cases were not severe and were well controlled with medication.