1. The Song of Roland. London : J.M. Dent & Sons Ltd, 1972.
2. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Chicago : The University of Chicago, 1985.
3. Bowra C. M. The Hero. The Hero in Literature. New-York : Fawcett Publications, Inc., 1969. 91-131
4. Dundes A. Interpreting Folklore. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1980.
5. Faqihi M. b. Utenzi wa Rasi'lghuli. Dar es Salaam: Tanzania Publishing House, 1979.