Intergenerational Trauma and Aboriginal women: Implications for Mental Health during Pregnancy

Author:

Roy Amrita1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Abstract

Intergenerational trauma (IGT) explains why populations subjected to long-term, mass trauma show a higher prevalence of disease even several generations after the original events. Residential schools and other legacies of colonization continue to impact Aboriginal populations, who have higher rates of mental health concerns. Poor maternal mental health during pregnancy can have serious health consequences for the mother, the baby, and the whole family; these include impacting the cognitive, emotional and behavioural development of children and youth. This paper has the following objectives: 1) To define intergenerational trauma and contextualize it in understanding the mental health of pregnant and parenting Aboriginal women; 2) To summarize individual-level and population-level approaches to promoting mental health, and examine their congruence with the needs of Aboriginal populations; 3) To discuss the importance of targeting IGT in both individual-level and population-level interventions for pregnant Aboriginal women . Various scholars have suggested that healing from IGT is best achieved through a combination of mainstream psychotherapies and culturally-entrenched healing practices, conducted in culturally safe settings. Pregnancy has been argued to be a particularly meaningful intervention point to break the cycle of IGT transmission. Given the importance of pregnant women’s mental health to both maternal and child health outcomes, including mental health trajectories for children and youth, it is clear that interventions, programs and services for pregnant Aboriginal women need to be designed to explicitly facilitate healing from IGT. In this regard, further empirical research on IGT and on healing are warranted, to permit an evidence-based approach.

Publisher

Consortium Erudit

Reference62 articles.

1. Aboriginal Nurses Association of Canada (ANAC) (2009). Cultural competence and cultural safety in First Nations, Inuit and Métis nursing. (http://www.cna-nurses.ca/CNA/documents/pdf/publications/Review_of_Literature_e.pdf) Accessed 3 November 2010.

2. Aboriginal Nurses Association of Canada (ANAC) and Planned Parenthood Federation of Canada (2002). Finding Our Way: A Sexual and Reproductive Health Sourcebook for Aboriginal Communities. Ottawa.

3. American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition. Washington, DC: Author.

4. Balsam, K., Huang, B., Fieland, K., Simoni, J., & Walters, K. (2004). Culture, Trauma, and Wellness: A Comparison of Heterosexual and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Two-Spirit Native Americans. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 10(3), 297-301.

5. Belik, J. (2008). Fetal and neonatal effects of maternal drug treatment for depression. Seminars in Perinatology, 32(5), 350-4.

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