1. Military rolls for the Indian troops who embarked for the expedition to the Mascarenes can be seen at India Office Records (IOR)/L/MIL/5/167–171 Prize Rolls Bourbon & Mauritius 1809–1810.
2. The demand for cattle carriages refers to the need to carry heavy backpacks for the food they each transported to enable them to prepare their victuals while travelling.
3. The classic expositions on the colonial imagining of Indian culture and religion are Inden 1990 and Cohn 1996. See also Singh 1996; Dirks 2001. On the influence of European ideas of race on British constructions of India see Bayly 1995; Bates 1995.
4. India Public Proceedings, Major D. G. Pitcher, Judge, Small Cause Court, Lucknow to Secy to Govt NWP and Oudh, 17 June 1882, IOLR/P/257, paras 54–67.
5. Grierson 1883, and Major D. G. Pitcher, ‘Report on System of Recruiting Labourer for the Colonies’, 17 June 1882, NAI, Revenue and Agriculture Department, Emigration branch, February 1883, Proceedings Nos. 1–12, appendix 6 (Notice to coolies intended to emigration to British Guiana, generally called Demarara), and Diary of Tour, entry for 16 March 1882 (interview with Ganga Din Misr of Adampur).