Immunobiological reactivity of calf body during the compatible application of nanotechnological citrates of trace elements in the ration

Abstract

Background. Nanotechnology in animal husbandry is an important area of research and development, which includes environmental sustainability, human health and food security. Nanotechnology has the potential to solve many questions related to animal health, production, reproduction, good hygienic practices during rearing and maintaining of animals. Therefore, the research aimed to find out the biological effect of separate and combined feeding of nanotechnological citrates that show high physiological activity in doses much lower than their mineral salts. Materials and Methods. The research was conducted on 15 heifers and bulls divided into three groups five days after birth: control (I) and experimental (II, III) ones, five animals in each. Calves of group I received 240 kg of natural milk with the addition of a mineral-concentrate supplement (MCS) and grass hay for 60 days. Calves of group II were fed similar feed to that of group I with the replacement of MCS with a nutritionally equivalent quantity of cereal grains and soybeans and the introduction of nanotechnological citrates of microelements (NTC ME) I, Se, Cr, Cu, Co, Mn, Zn, Fe into milk in the proportion of 10 %. Calves of group III were fed with a complex of feeds of group I, adding 10 % of NTC ME. Physiological and biochemical indicators of blood and wool of calves were studied on the 10th, 40th and 70th days of growing period. Results. Statistically significant changes in the immunobiological indicators of the blood of calves of group II were found with an increase in the concentration of circulating immune complexes, haptoglobin, and sialic acids in the blood on the 40th day and ceruloplasmin, sialic acids, hexoses bound to proteins and chromium on the 70th day. An increase in the detoxification function of the calves’ liver was recorded, with an increase in the blood level of phenol sulfates by 11.2 % and phenol glucuronides by 18.8% during this period. The combined use of 10 % NTC microelements and MCS in feeding calves of group III led to a statistically significant increase in the blood content of circulating immune complexes, phenol sulfates, phenol glucuronides, and zinc on the 40th and 70th days compared to their level in animals of the control group. Body weight gain in calves of group II was higher by 7.7 %, and in group III – by 4.3 % compared to the control. Conclusion. The addition of NTC ME in the amount of 10 % of the rationed food for these elements to the milk for calves of group II, with the exclusion of the mineral-concentrate supplement from the feeding scheme, led to the activation of the immunobio­logical reactivity of the organism. The combined use of 10 % of NTC ME and mineral-concentrate supplement in the diet of calves of group III resulted in a lesser immunobiological reactivity of the organism, and strengthened the detoxification ability of the body.