Osteodystrophy in the conditions of experimental aluminum intoxication as a result of violation in the digestive tract of rats

Abstract

Relevance. The growing level of aluminum content in the environment: in the atmosphere, soil, water causes concern due to its toxic properties. The central nervous system, bones, kidneys and other are the target-organs for excessive intake of aluminum in the body. The mechanism by which aluminum induces changes in bone tissue has not been fully deciphered and, according to the authors, can be carried out not only due to its antagonistic action in relation to calcium, but also indirectly – due to pathological changes in the digestive tract and inhibition of the absorption of essential substances, which are necessary for bone tissue remodeling. The aim of the work is an experimental study of the effect of long-term intoxication with aluminum chloride on the condition of the mucous membranes of the digestive tract and bone tissue of rats. Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted on 16 male white rats weighing 239–268 g, which were divided into groups: group 1 – intact animals (n=8); group 2 – injection of 0.5 ml of 12 % AlCl3×6H2O solution (80 mg Al/kg) (n=8). On the 60th day of the study, the rats were removed from the experiment, blood serum was collected, the mandible and mucous membranes of the oral cavity, stomach, small and large intestine were isolated. In the mucous membranes of the digestive tract of rats, the activity of acid phosphatase, elastase, urease, catalase and the content of malonic dialdehyde were determined, in the mandibles – atrophy of the alveolar process, the content of aluminum, calcium and biochemical indexes of bone tissue remodeling (activity of elastase, acid and alkaline phosphatase), in blood serum – «liver» markers and calcium content. Results and conclusions. Long-term intoxication with aluminum chloride caused increase the activity of elastase, acid phosphatase, urease and decrease the activity of catalase in the mucous membranes of the digestive tract of rats against the background of increase the level of malonic dialdehyde. The most significant pathological changes were registered in the mucous membranes of the small and large intestines. Enter of aluminum chloride to rats for two months caused a hepatotoxic effect: increased the activity of aminotransaminases, the content of bilirubin and cholesterol in the blood serum of animals. Increased atrophy of the alveolar process of the mandibles of rats simulated aluminum intoxication, accumulation of aluminum in bone tissue and simultaneous decreased calcium level, and increased activity of acid phosphatase against the background of decreased activity of elastase and alkaline phosphatase were established. The extremely wide range of toxic effects of aluminum on the body requires the development of effective approaches to the prevention of intoxication.