1. parameters,guidancefor 211-214 experimentaldesign,pilot 217-220 briefing, questionnaire
2. Competingpilotingtechniques Interpretationandgenerali- 211-221
3. sy -mperformanceand 211-216
4. tivity, optimum washout design 222-236
5. 'The foregoingexamples, which are only a few of many in theliterature, illustratethepowerandapplicability of closedloop madmachineanalysis tothe revelation, understanding, and simulation of handling-related design problems. During the past 25 years the theory and practice has blroadened to include new and novel, and even old and classical, system configurations. This has occurred through improved understandingof operatoradaptation in theclosed-loopcontext and of the adjuqtment and loop closure rules necessary to predict and utilize such adaptations, For example, Ref. 49. Furthermore, it can be anticipated that such understanding will gradually increase by virtue of some lately developed methods for obtaining pilot identification in routine flying tasks without the requirement For specialized disturbing inputs (Refs. 70-74). Such techniq'ues are currently being used, forinstance,to helpvalidatesimulation relativeto fullscaleflying.That is, identifyingexactlywhat thepilotisdoing in agivenflightcontrolsituationandcomparingthatwithhis behavior in a simulator can establishthat the simulator is in fact mimicking flilqht. The significant point is that a valid simulator should reproduce the pertinent in-flight pilot controlbehavior.