1. Vis the air velocity induced by the wing as if it were an ideal actuator disk of equal area. This may be estimatedfromconservationof massandmomentum(seeforexampleVogel16pp.274-275)as:
2. 2Mueller,T.J.(ed.)FixedandFlappingWingAerodynamicsforMicroAirVehicleApplications,AIAA,Reston,Virginia, 2000.