1. Astronautics,Inc.,1989.Allrightsreserved. a i r c r e w o r s t r u c t u r e . They have a l s o mctivated a g r e a t deal c f research :n \ , e h c l e dy-tam:cs. t r a j e c t a-' c,ptimizaticrn 3 aerodynamics and !-elated f l e l d s . Important s t u d i e s o' cptlmized 5:!permanecvers by We 11; Fabe- and Be-!- gerC3' appea.ed ir: t h e e a r l y 198';"s. The many c c l e c t i c n s c fpapers an t h e t c o l c a r e t-{oified by AGCRD Ccnferences ! e . g . ? Dietz and Duc'&'> and t h e UEAF Technical S p e c i a l i s t s P?eetinq'"'.
2. '.':tP, regard tc .tte steady flctc-patt e r n s 3?3d a i r loads e:ue!- enced by IPW-AF! s u r fa r e s c%rccemolete c f t exposed to Izew-speed water err a i r f ICVJ t.ut moder-3te t- very high , the literature i r e:tenci.ie- One can rite general surve,s c-arb a s 3efs. 11-13 and t h e for+h:cmi:q beexi- by Ram' l" . Each c . ? t a : n t s e f u ? thee#:eticai and exerirnental!?fcrmation with an emphasis c.n d e l t a p l a n f r m s ,el+he!- i s o l a t e d c.r Ir ccrmbi!?at icrt r-J: t h simple bud ies. The ikeb 7, feats-tres of these flcr*sa r e . cff ccurse. t h e patte!-n cf separated v e r t i c e s which e x i s t s aScvve t h e lee s!-faces a?7d t h e ma.?ner ?I? which I!? creasi!?q rx ?!-ducesp:oqressive deve 1c. ment of i n s t a b i l i t i e s . V:sualization by t h e 1 I l u r i n a t ion of s m c et r a c e s . et: has contributed a g:eat deal t t h e i -