1. We suggest that the overall flow between the involved parties be established in a collaborative manner and that the limiting (bottlenecking) parameter, be the parameter that is controlled. In the current European operational environment, the bottlenecks are moving more and more from the en-route sector to the airports and/or the TMA. In fact, in the spring of 2004, the enroute sector delays were surpassed by those induced by the terminal areas. The reasons for this migration are the successful implementations of Reduced Vertical Separation Minima (RVSM), flexible use of airspace (civil and military), and the introduction of 8.33 KHz VHF com channel spacing that allowedforalleviationof lackoffrequencyfor communication inEurope.
2. †††† EC treaty or the Treaty on European Union [Official Journal L 176 of 10.07.1999 - corrigendum: Official JournalL 9of13.01.2000]France,Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlandsdecided in1985 to createa territory without internal borders. This became known as the "Schengen area". The name was taken from the name of the town in Luxembourg where the first agreements were signed. This intergovernmental cooperation expanded to include 13 countries in 1997, following the signing of the Treaty of Amsterdam. The Treaty of Amsterdam incorporated the decisions taken since 1985 by Schengen group members and the associated working structures into EU lawon1May1999.
3. Fig. 6