1. Department of International Tourism Management, Dongeui University, Busan 614–714, South Korea
2. Department of Tourism Management, Gyeongju University, Gyeongju 780–712, South Korea
3. Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University (APU), Beppu 874–8577, Japan, and College of Hotel and Tourism Management, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
4. College of Hotel and Tourism Management, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130–701, South Korea