Abstract
The risk of mother-to-infant transmission of HIV 1 during breastfeeding ranges from 10% to 15% in the absence of maternal Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) and infant Antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis. WHO guidelines 2016 recommend women living with HIV and fully supported for ART adherence should breastfeed for at least 12 months and up to 24 months or longer. Anyway, in high-income settings, women living with HIV are suggested to avoid breastfeeding, regardless of maternal viral load or antiretroviral therapy status. The advantages of breastfeeding in low and middle-income settings are well recognized. This brief narrative review aims to summarize existing evidence on mechanisms and risk factors for HIV transmission during breastfeeding and the possible prevention strategies in the context of ART adherence.
Publisher
Peertechz Publications Private Limited
Reference43 articles.
1. 1. Moseholm E, Weis N. Women living with HIV in high-income settings and breastfeeding. J Intern Med. 2020 Jan;287(1):19-31. doi: 10.1111/joim.12986. Epub 2019 Nov 6. PMID: 31614046.
2. 2. Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Optimizing antiretroviral therapy in the setting of viral suppression. 2021. https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/adult-and-adolescent-arv/optimizing-antiretroviral-therapy-setting-virologic-suppression.
3. 3. Townsend CL, Byrne L, Cortina-Borja M, Thorne C, de Ruiter A, Lyall H, Taylor GP, Peckham CS, Tookey PA. Earlier initiation of ART and further decline in mother-to-child HIV transmission rates, 2000-2011. AIDS. 2014 Apr 24;28(7):1049-57. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000212. PMID: 24566097.
4. 4. Committee on Pediatric Aids. Infant feeding and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in the United States. Pediatrics. 2013 Feb;131(2):391-6. doi: 10.1542/peds.2012-3543. Epub 2013 Jan 28. PMID: 23359577.
5. 5. Guideline: Updates on HIV and Infant Feeding: The Duration of Breastfeeding, and Support from Health Services to Improve Feeding Practices Among Mothers Living with HIV. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016. PMID: 27583316.