Reducing Readmission at an Academic Medical Center: Results of a Pharmacy-Facilitated Discharge Counseling and Medication Reconciliation Program

Abstract

Background Hospital readmission has been identified as a key quality indicator and a target for reducing health care spending. Objective To evaluate the impact of a pharmacy-facilitated medication reconciliation and patient education model with post discharge follow-up on 30-day readmissions. Methods This prospective, historical control study included all patients admitted during a 6-month period to a general medicine unit with the highest 30-day readmission rate at Yale-New Haven Hospital. Patients were excluded if they expired prior to discharge, transferred, left against medical advice, were discharged to hospice, or were previously enrolled in the study. Upon admission, pharmacy technicians compiled the medication reconciliation information. Interventions were made by the pharmacist communicating with the patient's primary team. Medication and disease state counseling and final medication reconciliation were performed by the pharmacist before discharge. The primary outcome measure was 30-day readmission rates during the intervention period compared to the preceding 6 months and the same time period the previous year. Secondary outcomes included the total number of pharmacist-identified medication reconciliation interventions, total pharmacy resource utilization, and identification of patients at high risk for readmission. Results Study outcomes showed a 27% reduction in readmission during the intervention period. The pharmacist made a total of 546 medication interventions. The average pharmacist and pharmacy technician time per patient were 28.9 and 23.7 minutes, respectively. Conclusions Pharmacy-facilitated medication reconciliation and patient education of medicine patients decreased 30-day readmission rates.