1. 1. See Alexey.V. Kylasov, ‘Traditional Sports and Games along the Silk Roads’, International Journal of Ethnosport and Traditional Games 1 (2019), 1–10.
2. 2. _______________’Bringing Both Sides Together: Traditional Sports and Games: A Tool for Intercultural Learning’, EuroMed Youth Educational Report; Salto-Youth EuroMed Resource Centre, 2011, https://www.salto-youth.net/euromed, 32; see also Chapter: ‘Regarding foot races’, Narrator Aisha, Ummul Mu’minin, Sunnah.com, https://sunnah.com/abudawud:2578 (accessed 7 Feb 2022).
3. 3. A fuller account of the Persian-Iranian traditional sports legacy in Central Asia can be found in the comprehensively researched paper by Zubaidullo Ubaidulloev, ‘The History and Characteristics of Traditional Sports in Central Asia: Tajikistan’, The Bulletin of the Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, 38 (March 2015), 4-58.
4. 4. Sevket Akyildiz and Richard Carlson, Social and Cultural Change in Central Asia: The Soviet Legacy, London: Routledge, 2014, 5.
5. 5. John Lawton, ‘The Cradle of the Turks’, Aramco World https://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/199402/the.cradle.of.the.turks.htm, 45, no. 2 (March/April 1994), 2-11.