To the problems of toxicity testing of nanorized objects (Literature review)

Abstract

Aim of the Research. To present and summarize data on the problems of assessing the toxicity and hazards of nanosized particles due to the peculiarities of their activity and variability, which prove the need to develop a vector of research in vitro. Materials and Methods. Targeted testing can provide broad coverage of nanoproducts, reduce the cost and time of research, as well as the number of animals used in experiments. Various model test systems are proposed for use, the use of which is possible to detect harmful effects of man-made nanomaterials, and also for other chemicals: cellular and subcellular elements (mitochondria, microsomes, DNA, chorioallantoic membrane vessels), organs of laboratory animals, the simplest (unicellular) organisms, microorganisms, various aquatic organisms, plants, insects, sperm of cattle. Biotesting is one of the methods of research in the field of toxicology, used to determine the degree of toxic effects of chemical, physical and biologically unfavorable factors that are potentially dangerous to humans and components of ecosystems. An analytical review of scientific publications was carried out using the abstract databases of scientific libraries Pub Med, Medline and text databases of scientific publishing houses Elsevier, Pub Med, Central, BMJ group as well as other VIP databases. Results and Conclusions. Recently, publications emphasize that the manifestations of biological effects depend on changes in the characteristics and properties of nanomaterials. These facts cannot be taken into account in standard toxicological studies. One of the ways to intensify tests and reduce their cost may be the use of accelerated toxicological studies on simple biological systems (models). In this regard, the development and implementation of alternative methods in vitro has become one of the leading areas of toxicological research of nanomaterials. Key Words: nanoparticles, toxicity, testing.