Toxicodynamics of Chlorpyrifos and “Ivin” Combined Action under Prolonged Admission

Author:

Vasetska O.P.1

Affiliation:

1. L.I. Medved’s Research Center of Preventive Toxicology, Food and Chemical Safety, Ministry of Health, Ukraine (State Enterprise), Kyiv, Ukraine

Abstract

The combined action of pesticides is one of the problems of toxicology, because in comparison to individual active substances, their mixtures can increase toxicity and delayed action effects, which is a risk to human health. It is known that plant growth regulators (PGR) when applied together with pesticides help to reduce the quantitative rates of pesticides applied, the accumulation of pesticides and heavy metals in plants, reduce the acute toxicity of xenobiotics. The combined effect of the prolonged admission of PGRs and pesticides is an unexplored area, and it is an important issue in preventive toxicology. The Aim of the Research. Determination of the nature of toxic effects of Chlorpyrifos and “Ivin” combined action at subchronic oral admission. Materials and Methods. Chlorpyrifos and PGR “Ivin” (2.6-dimethyl-N-pyridine oxide) combined action was studied on male Wistar Han rats. Substances were administered orally, via a feeding tube for 13 weeks; Chlorpyrifos was administered in the form of an aqueous emulsion with an auxiliary material OP-10 at a dose of 5 mg/kg (1/15 LD50), “Ivin” — in the form of an aqueous solution at a dose of 13 mg/kg and 0.013 mg/kg (1/100 and 1/100000 LD50 respectively), the control group of rats was given water with an auxiliary material OP-10. Signs of intoxication were recorded, body weight was measured in 4, 9 and 13 weeks, biochemical indicators of blood serum were determined (the activity of ALT and AST enzymes and alkaline phosphatase; the content of crude protein, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose were determined using kits of reagents by BioSystems (Spain); cholinesterase (ChE) activity in serum, red blood cells and brain tissue was determined with the use of methodology by Hesrtin S. using a kit of reagents produced by LLC NPP Filisit-Diagnostics (Ukraine). Results. No clinical signs of intoxication were detected in the experimental groups of rats. Under the isolated use of Chlorpyrifos a significant decrease in body weight, ChE inhibition activity in all bio substrates, with the greatest effect in the brain (by 48.8%); increase (after 9 and 13 weeks) in the activity of ALT and AST by 26.7–32.6%, 12.5–12.0%; a slight but a significant increase in the level of urea and glucose in blood serum to 17.3% and 17.6 %, respectively was detected. Under the combined action of Chlorpyrifos and “Ivin” in specified doses the body weight of rats was at control level, decrease of ChE activity was observed in all biological substrates and was at nearly the same level with the isolated use of Chlorpyrifos. There was a tendency towards the decline in ChE inhibition activity in brain tissue, and under the combined action of Chlorpyrifos with “Ivin” at higher doses after 4 weeks this effect was a significant (22.15%, p < 0.05). Conclusions. Chlorpyrifos under the isolated oral admission for 13 weeks has a weak hepatotoxic effect, as evidenced by the increase in cytolysis enzymes and urea levels in serum and causes a moderate anticholinesterase effect. “Ivin” under combined with Chlorpyrifos admission to the organism eliminates the hepatotoxic effects of Chlorpyrifos and reduces its anticholinergic effects in brain, which contributes to a less severe intoxication. Key Words: Chlorpyrifos, Ivin, hepatotoxic effect, anticholinesterase effect.

Publisher

L. I. Medved Research Center of Preventive Toxicology, Food and Chemical Safety

Reference27 articles.

1. Moser VC, Casey M, Hamm A, Carter WHJr, Simmons JE, Gennings C. Neurotoxicological and Statistical Analyses of a Mixture of Five Organophosphorus Pesticides Using a Ray Design. Toxicological Sciences. 2005; 86(1): 101–15, https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfi163

2. Mansour SA, Heikal TM, Mossa AH, Refaie AA. Toxic effects of five insecticides and their mixture on male albino rats. J. Egypt. Soc. Toxicol. 2008; 39: 85–94.

3. Baygonova KS, Saparbekov MK. Osobennosti izmeneniya biokhimicheskikh pokazateley krovi i otsenka riska pri kombinirovannom deystvii pestitsidov (Sumi-alfa, Lontrim, tabachnaya pyl) v eksperimente. [Features of changes in blood biochemical parameters and risk assessment under the combined action of pesticides (Sumi-alpha, Lontrim, tobacco dust) in the experiment]. Health and Disease. 2008; 4(70): 29–30.

4. Vera Lu ́cia Scherholz de Castroa, Selma Heloı ́sa Chiorato. Effects of separate and combined exposure to the pesticidesmethamidophos and chlorothalonil on the development of suckling rats. Int. J. Hyg. Environ.-Health. 2007; 210 (2): 169–176.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2006.09.003

5. Palkhade R, Yadav S, Mishra S, Muhamed J. Acuteoral toxicity of pesticide combination (acephate 50% and imidacloprid 1.8% as active ingredients) in Sprague-Dawley rats, Veterinary World. 11(9): 1291–97. doi:10.14202/vet-world. 2018; 1291–97.

同舟云学术

1.学者识别学者识别

2.学术分析学术分析

3.人才评估人才评估

"同舟云学术"是以全球学者为主线,采集、加工和组织学术论文而形成的新型学术文献查询和分析系统,可以对全球学者进行文献检索和人才价值评估。用户可以通过关注某些学科领域的顶尖人物而持续追踪该领域的学科进展和研究前沿。经过近期的数据扩容,当前同舟云学术共收录了国内外主流学术期刊6万余种,收集的期刊论文及会议论文总量共计约1.5亿篇,并以每天添加12000余篇中外论文的速度递增。我们也可以为用户提供个性化、定制化的学者数据。欢迎来电咨询!咨询电话:010-8811{复制后删除}0370

www.globalauthorid.com

TOP

Copyright © 2019-2024 北京同舟云网络信息技术有限公司
京公网安备11010802033243号  京ICP备18003416号-3