Fundamental processes in sensorimotor learning: Reasoning, refinement, and retrieval

Author:

Tsay Jonathan S12ORCID,Kim Hyosub E3ORCID,McDougle Samuel D4ORCID,Taylor Jordan A5,Haith Adrian6ORCID,Avraham Guy78ORCID,Krakauer John W6910ORCID,Collins Anne GE78ORCID,Ivry Richard B78ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University

2. Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University

3. School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia

4. Department of Psychology, Yale University

5. Department of Psychology, Princeton University

6. Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University

7. Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley

8. Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley

9. Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University

10. Santa Fe Institute

Abstract

Motor learning is often viewed as a unitary process that operates outside of conscious awareness. This perspective has led to the development of sophisticated models designed to elucidate the mechanisms of implicit sensorimotor learning. In this review, we argue for a broader perspective, emphasizing the contribution of explicit strategies to sensorimotor learning tasks. Furthermore, we propose a theoretical framework for motor learning that consists of three fundamental processes: reasoning, the process of understanding action–outcome relationships; refinement, the process of optimizing sensorimotor and cognitive parameters to achieve motor goals; and retrieval, the process of inferring the context and recalling a control policy. We anticipate that this ‘3R’ framework for understanding how complex movements are learned will open exciting avenues for future research at the intersection between cognition and action.

Funder

Human Frontier Science Program

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

Publisher

eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd

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