Spatial transcriptomics reveals metabolic changes underly age-dependent declines in digit regeneration

Author:

Tower Robert J1ORCID,Busse Emily2,Jaramillo Josue2,Lacey Michelle3,Hoffseth Kevin4,Guntur Anyonya R5,Simkin Jennifer6,Sammarco Mimi C2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Orthopaedics, Johns Hopkins University

2. Department of Surgery, Tulane School of Medicine

3. Department of Mathematics, Tulane University

4. Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University

5. Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute

6. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center

Abstract

De novo limb regeneration after amputation is restricted in mammals to the distal digit tip. Central to this regenerative process is the blastema, a heterogeneous population of lineage-restricted, dedifferentiated cells that ultimately orchestrates regeneration of the amputated bone and surrounding soft tissue. To investigate skeletal regeneration, we made use of spatial transcriptomics to characterize the transcriptional profile specifically within the blastema. Using this technique, we generated a gene signature with high specificity for the blastema in both our spatial data, as well as other previously published single-cell RNA-sequencing transcriptomic studies. To elucidate potential mechanisms distinguishing regenerative from non-regenerative healing, we applied spatial transcriptomics to an aging model. Consistent with other forms of repair, our digit amputation mouse model showed a significant impairment in regeneration in aged mice. Contrasting young and aged mice, spatial analysis revealed a metabolic shift in aged blastema associated with an increased bioenergetic requirement. This enhanced metabolic turnover was associated with increased hypoxia and angiogenic signaling, leading to excessive vascularization and altered regenerated bone architecture in aged mice. Administration of the metabolite oxaloacetate decreased the oxygen consumption rate of the aged blastema and increased WNT signaling, leading to enhanced in vivo bone regeneration. Thus, targeting cell metabolism may be a promising strategy to mitigate aging-induced declines in tissue regeneration.

Funder

National Institute of General Medical Sciences

Publisher

eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd

Subject

General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine,General Neuroscience

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