Quick-quick-slow: the foxtrot migration and dynamic non-breeding range

Abstract

Advancements in tracking technologies have revolutionized our understanding of bird migrations, revealing a diverse array of migratory behaviors. We propose a new pattern of migratory behavior termed ‘foxtrot migration,’ characterized by alternating quick and slow phases during the non-breeding period. This behavior involves directional and continuous movements, distinct from traditional seasonal itinerancy or forage-on-fly migration. Using the Rough-legged buzzard as a model species, we confirmed the presence of foxtrot migration and ‘dynamic non-breeding ranges’, driven by environmental factors such as snow cover dynamics. We advocate for accurate representation of dynamic ranges on maps and emphasize the need to consider range dynamics when assessing species conservation status. Our findings underscore the importance of understanding complex migratory behaviors in the face of environmental change, facilitated by advancements in tracking technologies. This knowledge is crucial for effective conservation strategies amid ongoing global environmental challenges.