β-Carotene accelerates the resolution of atherosclerosis in mice

Author:

Pinos Ivan1,Coronel Johana2,Albakri Asma'a13,Blanco Amparo1,McQueen Patrick1,Molina Donald2,Sim JaeYoung2,Fisher Edward A4ORCID,Amengual Jaume12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign

2. Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign

3. The University of Jordan, School of Agriculture, Department of Nutrition and Food Technology

4. The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center

Abstract

β-Carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1) catalyzes the cleavage of β-carotene to form vitamin A. Besides its role in vision, vitamin A regulates the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and immune cell differentiation. BCO1 activity is associated with the reduction of plasma cholesterol in humans and mice, while dietary β-carotene reduces hepatic lipid secretion and delays atherosclerosis progression in various experimental models. Here we show that β-carotene also accelerates atherosclerosis resolution in two independent murine models, independently of changes in body weight gain or plasma lipid profile. Experiments in Bco1-/- mice implicate vitamin A production in the effects of β-carotene on atherosclerosis resolution. To explore the direct implication of dietary β-carotene on regulatory T cells (Tregs) differentiation, we utilized anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody infusions. Our data show that β-carotene favors Treg expansion in the plaque, and that the partial inhibition of Tregs mitigates the effect of β-carotene on atherosclerosis resolution. Our data highlight the potential of β-carotene and BCO1 activity in the resolution of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Funder

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

National Institute of Food and Agriculture

The University of Jordan

Publisher

eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd

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