The lost world of Cuatro Ciénegas Basin, a relictual bacterial niche in a desert oasis

Author:

Souza Valeria1ORCID,Moreno-Letelier Alejandra2ORCID,Travisano Michael3ORCID,Alcaraz Luis David4ORCID,Olmedo Gabriela5,Eguiarte Luis Enrique1

Affiliation:

1. Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico

2. Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico

3. Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, United States

4. Laboratorio Nacional de la Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico

5. Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Guanajuato, Mexico

Abstract

Barriers to microbial migrations can lead adaptive radiations and increased endemism. We propose that extreme unbalanced nutrient stoichiometry of essential nutrients can be a barrier to microbial immigration over geological timescales. At the oasis in the Cuatro Ciénegas Basin in Mexico, nutrient stoichiometric proportions are skewed given the low phosphorus availability in the ecosystem. We show that this endangered oasis can be a model for a lost world. The ancient niche of extreme unbalanced nutrient stoichiometry favoured survival of ancestral microorganisms. This extreme nutrient imbalance persisted due to environmental stability and low extinction rates, generating a diverse and unique bacterial community. Several endemic clades of Bacillus invaded the Cuatro Cienegas region in two geological times, the late Precambrian and the Jurassic. Other lineages of Bacillus, Clostridium and Bacteroidetes migrated into the basin in isolated events. Cuatro Ciénegas Basin conservation is vital to the understanding of early evolutionary and ecological processes.

Funder

WWF International

Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología

Publisher

eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd

Subject

General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine,General Neuroscience

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