Embryonic origin of adult stem cells required for tissue homeostasis and regeneration

Author:

Davies Erin L1,Lei Kai1,Seidel Christopher W1,Kroesen Amanda E1,McKinney Sean A1,Guo Longhua1,Robb Sofia MC1,Ross Eric J1,Gotting Kirsten1,Alvarado Alejandro Sánchez1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, United States

Abstract

Planarian neoblasts are pluripotent, adult somatic stem cells and lineage-primed progenitors that are required for the production and maintenance of all differentiated cell types, including the germline. Neoblasts, originally defined as undifferentiated cells residing in the adult parenchyma, are frequently compared to embryonic stem cells yet their developmental origin remains obscure. We investigated the provenance of neoblasts during Schmidtea mediterranea embryogenesis, and report that neoblasts arise from an anarchic, cycling piwi-1+ population wholly responsible for production of all temporary and definitive organs during embryogenesis. Early embryonic piwi-1+ cells are molecularly and functionally distinct from neoblasts: they express unique cohorts of early embryo enriched transcripts and behave differently than neoblasts in cell transplantation assays. Neoblast lineages arise as organogenesis begins and are required for construction of all major organ systems during embryogenesis. These subpopulations are continuously generated during adulthood, where they act as agents of tissue homeostasis and regeneration.

Funder

Howard Hughes Medical Institute

National Institute of General Medical Sciences

Publisher

eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd

Subject

General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine,General Neuroscience

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