Translation initiation by the hepatitis C virus IRES requires eIF1A and ribosomal complex remodeling

Author:

Jaafar Zane A1,Oguro Akihiro2,Nakamura Yoshikazu2,Kieft Jeffrey S13ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, United States

2. Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

3. RNA BioScience Initiative, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, United States

Abstract

Internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) are important RNA-based translation initiation signals, critical for infection by many pathogenic viruses. The hepatitis C virus (HCV) IRES is the prototype for the type 3 IRESs and is also invaluable for exploring principles of eukaryotic translation initiation, in general. Current mechanistic models for the type 3 IRESs are useful but they also present paradoxes, including how they can function both with and without eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 2. We discovered that eIF1A is necessary for efficient activity where it stabilizes tRNA binding and inspects the codon-anticodon interaction, especially important in the IRES’ eIF2-independent mode. These data support a model in which the IRES binds preassembled translation preinitiation complexes and remodels them to generate eukaryotic initiation complexes with bacterial-like features. This model explains previous data, reconciles eIF2-dependent and -independent pathways, and illustrates how RNA structure-based control can respond to changing cellular conditions.

Funder

National Institutes of Health

Howard Hughes Medical Institute

Publisher

eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd

Subject

General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine,General Neuroscience

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