Functional membrane microdomains and the hydroxamate siderophore transporter ATPase FhuC govern Isd-dependent heme acquisition in Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Sufficient access to transition metals such as iron is essential for bacterial proliferation and their active limitation within host tissues effectively restricts infection. To overcome iron limitation, the invasive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus uses the iron-regulated surface determinant (Isd) system to acquire hemoglobin-derived heme. While heme transport over the cell wall is well understood, its transport over the membrane is hardly investigated. In this study, we show the heme-specific permease IsdF to be energized by the general ATPase FhuC. Additionally, we show that IsdF needs appropriate location within the membrane for functionality. The membrane of S. aureus possesses special compartments (functional membrane microdomains [FMMs]) to organize membrane complexes. We show IsdF to be associated with FMMs, to directly interact with the FMM scaffolding protein flotillin A (FloA) and to co-localize with the latter on intact bacterial cells. Additionally, Isd-dependent bacterial growth required FMMs and FloA. Our study shows that Isd-dependent heme acquisition requires a highly structured cell envelope to allow coordinated transport over the cell wall and membrane and it gives the first example of a bacterial nutrient acquisition system that depends on FMMs.