Efficient mate finding in planktonic copepods swimming in turbulence

Author:

Michalec François-Gaël1ORCID,Fouxon Itzhak1,Souissi Sami2,Holzner Markus34

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

2. Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Station Marine de Wimereux, Université de Lille, Wimereux, France

3. Swiss Federal Institute of Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland

4. Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland

Abstract

Zooplankton live in dynamic environments where turbulence may challenge their limited swimming abilities. How this interferes with fundamental behavioral processes remains elusive. We reconstruct simultaneously the trajectories of flow tracers and calanoid copepods and we quantify their ability to find mates when ambient flow imposes physical constrains on their motion and impairs their olfactory orientation. We show that copepods achieve high encounter rates in turbulence due to the contribution of advection and vigorous swimming. Males further convert encounters within the perception radius to contacts and then to mating via directed motion toward nearby organisms within the short time frame of the encounter. Inertial effects do not result in preferential concentration, reducing the geometric collision kernel to the clearance rate, which we model accurately by superposing turbulent velocity and organism motion. This behavioral and physical coupling mechanism may account for the ability of copepods to reproduce in turbulent environments.

Funder

Swiss National Science Foundation

Publisher

eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd

Subject

General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine,General Neuroscience

Reference77 articles.

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