A pH-dependent cluster of charges in a conserved cryptic pocket on flaviviral envelopes

Author:

Zuzic Lorena12ORCID,Marzinek Jan K1ORCID,Anand Ganesh S34ORCID,Warwicker Jim5,Bond Peter J13ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR)

2. Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester

3. Department of Biological Sciences, 16 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore

4. Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University

5. School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester

Abstract

Flaviviruses are enveloped viruses which include human pathogens that are predominantly transmitted by mosquitoes and ticks. Some, such as dengue virus, exhibit the phenomenon of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of disease, making vaccine-based routes of fighting infections problematic. The pH-dependent conformational change of the envelope (E) protein required for fusion between the viral and endosomal membranes is an attractive point of inhibition by antivirals as it has the potential to diminish the effects of ADE. We examined six flaviviruses by employing large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of raft systems that represent a substantial portion of the flaviviral envelope. We utilised a benzene-mapping approach that led to a discovery of shared hotspots and conserved cryptic sites. A cryptic pocket previously shown to bind a detergent molecule exhibited strain-specific characteristics. An alternative conserved cryptic site at the E protein domain interfaces showed a consistent dynamic behaviour across flaviviruses and contained a conserved cluster of ionisable residues. Constant-pH simulations revealed cluster and domain-interface disruption under low pH conditions. Based on this, we propose a cluster-dependent mechanism that addresses inconsistencies in the histidine-switch hypothesis and highlights the role of cluster protonation in orchestrating the domain dissociation pivotal for the formation of the fusogenic trimer.

Funder

National Research Foundation Singapore

Agency for Science, Technology and Research

University of Manchester

Publisher

eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd

Subject

General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine,General Neuroscience

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