Principles of self-organization and load adaptation by the actin cytoskeleton during clathrin-mediated endocytosis

Author:

Akamatsu Matthew1ORCID,Vasan Ritvik2,Serwas Daniel1ORCID,Ferrin Michael A1ORCID,Rangamani Padmini2ORCID,Drubin David G1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States

2. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States

Abstract

Force generation by actin assembly shapes cellular membranes. An experimentally constrained multiscale model shows that a minimal branched actin network is sufficient to internalize endocytic pits against membrane tension. Around 200 activated Arp2/3 complexes are required for robust internalization. A newly developed molecule-counting method determined that ~200 Arp2/3 complexes assemble at sites of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in human cells. Simulations predict that actin self-organizes into a radial branched array with growing ends oriented toward the base of the pit. Long actin filaments bend between attachment sites in the coat and the base of the pit. Elastic energy stored in bent filaments, whose presence was confirmed by cryo-electron tomography, contributes to endocytic internalization. Elevated membrane tension directs more growing filaments toward the base of the pit, increasing actin nucleation and bending for increased force production. Thus, spatially constrained actin filament assembly utilizes an adaptive mechanism enabling endocytosis under varying physical constraints.

Funder

National Institutes of Health

Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation

Human Frontier Science Program

Army Research Office

Office of Naval Research

Publisher

eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd

Subject

General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine,General Neuroscience

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