The Mars1 kinase confers photoprotection through signaling in the chloroplast unfolded protein response

Author:

Perlaza Karina12ORCID,Toutkoushian Hannah12ORCID,Boone Morgane12ORCID,Lam Mable12,Iwai Masakazu3ORCID,Jonikas Martin C4ORCID,Walter Peter12ORCID,Ramundo Silvia12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States

2. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States

3. Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, United States

4. Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, United States

Abstract

In response to proteotoxic stress, chloroplasts communicate with the nuclear gene expression system through a chloroplast unfolded protein response (cpUPR). We isolated Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutants that disrupt cpUPR signaling and identified a gene encoding a previously uncharacterized cytoplasmic protein kinase, termed Mars1—for mutant affected in chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling—as the first known component in cpUPR signal transmission. Lack of cpUPR induction in MARS1 mutant cells impaired their ability to cope with chloroplast stress, including exposure to excessive light. Conversely, transgenic activation of cpUPR signaling conferred an advantage to cells undergoing photooxidative stress. Our results indicate that the cpUPR mitigates chloroplast photodamage and that manipulation of this pathway is a potential avenue for engineering photosynthetic organisms with increased tolerance to chloroplast stress.

Funder

European Molecular Biology Organization

Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung

National Institutes of Health

National Science Foundation

Howard Hughes Medical Institute

Publisher

eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd

Subject

General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine,General Neuroscience

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