Synthetic Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics in Simple Molecular Environment

Author:

Casiraghi Luca1,Mambretti Francesco2ORCID,Tovo Anna2,Paraboschi Elvezia Maria34,Suweis Samir2ORCID,Bellini Tommaso1

Affiliation:

1. Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi, 93 - L.I.T.A., Segrate, 20054, Italy

2. Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, Padova, 35131, Italy

3. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072, Italy

4. IRCCS, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089, Italy

Abstract

The understanding of eco-evolutionary dynamics, and in particular the mechanism of emergence of species, is still fragmentary and in need of test bench model systems. To this aim we developed a variant of SELEX in-vitro selection to study the evolution of a population of ∼ 1015 single-strand DNA oligonucleotide ‘individuals’. We begin with a seed of random sequences which we select via affinity capture from ∼ 1012 DNA oligomers of fixed sequence (‘resources’) over which they compete. At each cycle (‘generation’), the ecosystem is replenished via PCR amplification of survivors. Massive parallel sequencing indicates that across generations the variety of sequences (‘species’) drastically decreases, while some of them become populous and dominate the ecosystem. The simplicity of our approach, in which survival is granted by hybridization, enables a quantitative investigation of fitness through a statistical analysis of binding energies. We find that the strength of individual-resource binding dominates the selection in the first generations, while inter and intra-individual interactions becomes important in later stages, in parallel with the emergence of prototypical forms of mutualism and parasitism.

Publisher

eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd

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