Sub-surface deformation of individual fingerprint ridges during tactile interactions

Author:

Corniani Giulia12ORCID,Lee Zing S3,Carré Matt J3ORCID,Lewis Roger3ORCID,Delhaye Benoit P45ORCID,Saal Hannes P12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Active Touch Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield

2. Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield

3. Human Interaction Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield

4. Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics, Université Catholique de Louvain

5. Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain

Abstract

The human fingertip can detect small tactile features with a spatial acuity roughly the width of a fingerprint ridge. However, how individual ridges deform under contact to support accurate and high-precision tactile feedback is currently unknown. The complex mechanical structure of the glabrous skin, composed of multiple layers and intricate morphology within which mechanoreceptors are embedded, makes this question challenging. Here, we used optical coherence tomography to image and track sub-surface deformations of hundreds of individual fingerprint ridges during contact events at high spatial resolution in vivo. We calculated strain patterns in both the stratum corneum and viable epidermis in response to a variety of tactile stimuli, including static indentation, stick-to-slip events, sliding of a flat surface in different directions, and interaction with small tactile features, such as edges and grooves. We found that ridges could stretch, compress, and undergo considerable shearing orthogonal to the skin surface, but there was limited horizontal shear. Therefore, it appears that the primary components of ridge deformation and, potentially, neural responses are deformations of the ridge flanks and their relative movement, rather than overall bending of the ridges themselves. We conclude that the local distribution of mechanoreceptors across the ridges might be ideally suited to extract the resulting strain gradients and that the fingertip skin may possess a higher mechanical spatial resolution than that of a single ridge.

Publisher

eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd

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