The breath shape controls intonation of mouse vocalizations

Author:

MacDonald Alastair1ORCID,Hebling Alina2ORCID,Wei Xin Paul13ORCID,Yackle Kevin1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Physiology, University of California-San Francisco

2. Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California-San Francisco

3. Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California-San Francisco

Abstract

Intonation in speech is the control of vocal pitch to layer expressive meaning to communication, like increasing pitch to indicate a question. Also, stereotyped patterns of pitch are used to create distinct sounds with different denotations, like in tonal languages and, perhaps, the 10 sounds in the murine lexicon. A basic tone is created by exhalation through a constricted laryngeal voice box, and it is thought that more complex utterances are produced solely by dynamic changes in laryngeal tension. But perhaps, the shifting pitch also results from altering the swiftness of exhalation. Consistent with the latter model, we describe that intonation in most vocalization types follows deviations in exhalation that appear to be generated by the re-activation of the cardinal breathing muscle for inspiration. We also show that the brainstem vocalization central pattern generator, the iRO, can create this breath pattern. Consequently, ectopic activation of the iRO not only induces phonation, but also the pitch patterns that compose most of the vocalizations in the murine lexicon. These results reveal a novel brainstem mechanism for intonation.

Funder

BRAIN Initiative

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative

Esther A. and Joseph Klingenstein Fund

Publisher

eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd

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