Evidence for deliberate burial of the dead by Homo naledi

Author:

Berger Lee R123ORCID,Makhubela Tebogo24,Molopyane Keneiloe2,Krüger Ashley5,Randolph-Quinney Patrick26,Elliott Marina27,Peixotto Becca28,Fuentes Agustín9,Tafforeau Paul10,Beyrand Vincent210,Dollman Kathleen10,Jinnah Zubair211,Brewer Gillham Angharad12,Broad Kenneth13,Brophy Juliet214,Chinamatira Gideon15,Dirks Paul H. M.216,Feuerriegel Elen217,Gurtov Alia18,Hlophe Nompumelelo19,Hunter Lindsay20,Hunter Rick2,Jakata Kudakwashe15,Jaskolski Corey21,Morris Hannah222,Pryor Ellie23,Ramaphela Maropeng2,Roberts Eric215,Smilg Jacqueline S.2,Tsikoane Mathabela2,Tucker Steven2,van Rooyen Dirk2,Warren Kerryn24,Wren Colin D.25,Kissel Marc26,Spikins Penny27,Hawks John218

Affiliation:

1. The National Geographic Society, 1145 17th St NW, Washington DC, 20036

2. Centre for the Exploration of the Deep Human Journey, School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand; Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa

3. The Carnegie Institution for Science, 5241 Broad Branch Road NW Washington D.C. 20015

4. Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006

5. Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05, Stockholm, Sweden

6. Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, UK

7. Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada

8. The American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, D.C., DC 20016, USA

9. Department of Anthropology, Princeton University; 123 Aaron Burr Hall, Princeton USA 08455

10. European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS-40220 38043 Grenoble cedex 09, France

11. School of GeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa

12. Frontiers Media Limited, New Broad Street House, 35 New Broad St, London EC2M 1NH, United Kingdom

13. Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami, FL 33149

14. Department of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA

15. Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa

16. Department of Geoscience, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia

17. Primate Evolutionary Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, Box 353100, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-3100, USA

18. Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53593, USA

19. Department of Anthropology, 4352 TAMU College Station, TX 77843-4352, USA

20. Center for Academic Research & Training in Anthropogeny, UC San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0140, La Jolla, CA 92093-0140, USA

21. Synthetaic, 1309 Milwaukee St, Delafield, WI, USA

22. ICON & Warnell School of Forestry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA

23. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom

24. Human Evolution Research Institute, 3rd Floor Beaee Building, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

25. Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs; Colorado Springs, 80918, USA

26. Department of Anthropology, Appalachian State University; 348 Anne Belk Hall 224 Boone, NC, USA 28608

27. Department of Archaeology, University of York; The King’s Manor, York, UK, YO1 7EP

Abstract

Recent excavations in the Rising Star Cave System of South Africa have revealed burials of the extinct hominin species Homo naledi. A combination of geological and anatomical evidence shows that hominins dug holes that disrupted the subsurface stratigraphy and interred the remains of H. naledi individuals, resulting in at least two discrete features within the Dinaledi Chamber and the Hill Antechamber. These are the most ancient interments yet recorded in the hominin record, earlier than evidence of Homo sapiens interments by at least 100,000 years. These interments along with other evidence suggest that diverse mortuary practices may have been conducted by H. naledi within the cave system. These discoveries show that mortuary practices were not limited to H. sapiens or other hominins with large brain sizes.

Publisher

eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd

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