Neolithic and medieval virus genomes reveal complex evolution of hepatitis B

Author:

Krause-Kyora Ben12ORCID,Susat Julian1,Key Felix M2ORCID,Kühnert Denise23,Bosse Esther14,Immel Alexander12,Rinne Christoph5,Kornell Sabin-Christin1,Yepes Diego4,Franzenburg Sören1,Heyne Henrike O678,Meier Thomas910,Lösch Sandra11,Meller Harald12,Friederich Susanne12,Nicklisch Nicole1213,Alt Kurt W12131415,Schreiber Stefan116,Tholey Andreas4,Herbig Alexander2,Nebel Almut1,Krause Johannes2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany

2. Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany

3. Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

4. Systematic Proteomics & Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany

5. Institute of Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany

6. Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, United States

7. Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States

8. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, United States

9. Institute for Pre- and Protohistory and Near Eastern Archaeology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany

10. Heidelberg Center for the Environment, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany

11. Department of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

12. State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt, State Museum of Prehistory, Halle, Germany

13. Danube Private University, Krems, Austria

14. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

15. Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

16. Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany

Abstract

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most widespread human pathogens known today, yet its origin and evolutionary history are still unclear and controversial. Here, we report the analysis of three ancient HBV genomes recovered from human skeletons found at three different archaeological sites in Germany. We reconstructed two Neolithic and one medieval HBV genome by de novo assembly from shotgun DNA sequencing data. Additionally, we observed HBV-specific peptides using paleo-proteomics. Our results demonstrated that HBV has circulated in the European population for at least 7000 years. The Neolithic HBV genomes show a high genomic similarity to each other. In a phylogenetic network, they do not group with any human-associated HBV genome and are most closely related to those infecting African non-human primates. The ancient viruses appear to represent distinct lineages that have no close relatives today and possibly went extinct. Our results reveal the great potential of ancient DNA from human skeletons in order to study the long-time evolution of blood borne viruses.

Funder

Collaborative Research Center

Swiss National Science Foundation

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

European Research Council

Publisher

eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd

Subject

General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine,General Neuroscience

Reference48 articles.

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