100 years of anthropogenic impact causes changes in freshwater functional biodiversity

Author:

Eastwood Niamh1ORCID,Zhou Jiarui1ORCID,Derelle Romain1,Abdallah Mohamed Abou-Elwafa2ORCID,Stubbings William A12ORCID,Jia Yunlu3,Crawford Sarah E3,Davidson Thomas A4ORCID,Colbourne John K1,Creer Simon5ORCID,Bik Holly6,Hollert Henner378,Orsini Luisa19ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham

2. School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham

3. Department Evolutionary Ecology & Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt

4. Lake Group, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University

5. School of Natural Sciences, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor University

6. Department Marine Sciences and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia

7. LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE‐TBG)

8. Department Media-related Toxicology, Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME)

9. The Alan Turing Institute, British Library

Abstract

Despite efforts from scientists and regulators, biodiversity is declining at an alarming rate. Unless we find transformative solutions to preserve biodiversity, future generations may not be able to enjoy nature’s services. We have developed a conceptual framework that establishes the links between biodiversity dynamics and abiotic change through time and space using artificial intelligence. Here, we apply this framework to a freshwater ecosystem with a known history of human impact and study 100 years of community-level biodiversity, climate change and chemical pollution trends. We apply explainable network models with multimodal learning to community-level functional biodiversity measured with multilocus metabarcoding, to establish correlations with biocides and climate change records. We observed that the freshwater community assemblage and functionality changed over time without returning to its original state, even if the lake partially recovered in recent times. Insecticides and fungicides, combined with extreme temperature events and precipitation, explained up to 90% of the functional biodiversity changes. The community-level biodiversity approach used here reliably explained freshwater ecosystem shifts. These shifts were not observed when using traditional quality indices (e.g. Trophic Diatom Index). Our study advocates the use of high-throughput systemic approaches on long-term trends over species-focused ecological surveys to identify the environmental factors that cause loss of biodiversity and disrupt ecosystem functions.

Funder

Alan Turing Institute

Natural Environment Research Council

Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

Publisher

eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd

Subject

General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine,General Neuroscience

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