Continuous, long-term crawling behavior characterized by a robotic transport system

Author:

Yu James1ORCID,Dancausse Stephanie2,Paz Maria1,Faderin Tolu1,Gaviria Melissa2,Shomar Joseph W2ORCID,Zucker Dave3ORCID,Venkatachalam Vivek1ORCID,Klein Mason2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Physics, Northeastern University

2. Department of Physics and Department of Biology, University of Miami

3. FlySorter, LLC

Abstract

Detailed descriptions of behavior provide critical insight into the structure and function of nervous systems. In Drosophila larvae and many other systems, short behavioral experiments have been successful in characterizing rapid responses to a range of stimuli at the population level. However, the lack of long-term continuous observation makes it difficult to dissect comprehensive behavioral dynamics of individual animals and how behavior (and therefore the nervous system) develops over time. To allow for long-term continuous observations in individual fly larvae, we have engineered a robotic instrument that automatically tracks and transports larvae throughout an arena. The flexibility and reliability of its design enables controlled stimulus delivery and continuous measurement over developmental time scales, yielding an unprecedented level of detailed locomotion data. We utilize the new system’s capabilities to perform continuous observation of exploratory search behavior over a duration of 6 hr with and without a thermal gradient present, and in a single larva for over 30 hr. Long-term free-roaming behavior and analogous short-term experiments show similar dynamics that take place at the beginning of each experiment. Finally, characterization of larval thermotaxis in individuals reveals a bimodal distribution in navigation efficiency, identifying distinct phenotypes that are obfuscated when only analyzing population averages.

Funder

Burroughs Wellcome Fund

National Institutes of Health

National Science Foundation

Publisher

eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd

Subject

General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine,General Neuroscience

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