Task-related hemodynamic responses in human early visual cortex are modulated by task difficulty and behavioral performance

Author:

Burlingham Charlie S1ORCID,Ryoo Minyoung2,Roth Zvi N2ORCID,Mirbagheri Saghar3ORCID,Heeger David J4ORCID,Merriam Elisha P2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Psychology, New York University

2. Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health

3. Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington

4. Department of Psychology and Center for Neural Science, New York University

Abstract

Early visual cortex exhibits widespread hemodynamic responses in the absence of visual stimulation, which are entrained to the timing of a task and not predicted by local spiking or local field potential. Such task-related responses (TRRs) covary with reward magnitude and physiological signatures of arousal. It is unknown, however, if TRRs change on a trial-to-trial basis according to behavioral performance and task difficulty. If so, this would suggest that TRRs reflect arousal on a trial-to-trial timescale and covary with critical task and behavioral variables. We measured functional magnetic resonance imaging blood-oxygen-level-dependent (fMRI-BOLD) responses in the early visual cortex of human observers performing an orientation discrimination task consisting of separate easy and hard runs of trials. Stimuli were presented in a small portion of one hemifield, but the fMRI response was measured in the ipsilateral hemisphere, far from the stimulus representation and focus of spatial attention. TRRs scaled in amplitude with task difficulty, behavioral accuracy, reaction time, and lapses across trials. These modulations were not explained by the influence of respiration, cardiac activity, or head movement on the fMRI signal. Similar modulations with task difficulty and behavior were observed in pupil size. These results suggest that TRRs reflect arousal and behavior on the timescale of individual trials.

Funder

National Eye Institute

National Institute of Mental Health

National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship

Publisher

eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd

Subject

General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine,General Neuroscience

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