1. School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
2. Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
3. Department of Computer Science, Umm AL-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
4. Department of Computer Engineering, Umm AL-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
5. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada